Table of Contents
What are the types of cooling towers?
There are three main types of cooling towers that are defined by how water or air pass through them. These types include crossflow, counterflow, and hyperbolic. There are also two varieties classified solely on airflow, known as induced draft and passive draft cooling towers.
What is the unit of cooling tower?
Generally, industrial cooling towers are much larger than HVAC towers. HVAC use of a cooling tower pairs the cooling tower with a liquid-cooled chiller or liquid-cooled condenser. A ton of air-conditioning is defined as the removal of 12,000 British thermal units per hour (3.5 kW).
What is the pH of cooling tower water?
Table 31-2.
| Circulating Water at 10 cycles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Sulfate (as SO4-2), ppm | 40 | 400 |
| Chloride (as Cl- | 10 | 100 |
| Silica (as SiO2), ppm | 10 | 100 |
| pH | 7.0 | 8.9 |
What are the factors affecting cooling tower performance?
Cooling tower performance depends on four factors (1) Range; (2) Heat load; (3) Ambient wet-bulb temperature or relative humidity and (4) Approach. Range is the temperature difference between the hot water inlet and cold water outlet at the tower.
What is the efficiency of cooling tower?
In practice, the cooling tower efficiency will be in between 70 to 75\%.
What is TDS in cooling towers?
As water evaporates from cooling towers the contaminants, salts and minerals measured as total dissolved solids (TDS) that accumulate can cause biological growth, corrosion and scale resulting in tower damage, poor heat transfer and possibly the growth of harmful bacteria such as Legionella.
What is ORP in cooling tower?
Monitoring the ORP (Oxidation Reduction Potential)/redox is very useful in its ability to correlate millivolt readings to sanitization strength of the water. For Chlorine (Cl2) to function properly in the cooling towers it must be present in the oxidizing forms of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) or hypochorite ion (OCl-).
How do you optimize a cooling tower?
How to Optimize the Energy Efficiency of Cooling Towers
- Choose the right filtration system. When water is evaporated through a cooling tower, it leaves behind a number of dissolved solids, including calcium, magnesium, chloride and silica.
- Choose the right cooling tower.
- Install a variable frequency drive (VFD)
What is range for a cooling tower?
i) “Range” is the difference between the cooling tower water inlet and outlet temperature. (See Figure 7.3). ii) “Approach” is the difference between the cooling tower outlet cold water temperature and ambient wet bulb temperature.
What is TR HVAC?
Ton of Refrigeration (TR) is an important historical unit of refrigeration capacity. Originally 1 TR was defined as the rate of heat transfer required to make 1 short ton (2000 lbs) of ice per day from water at 0oC.
How do you calculate water for a cooling tower?
Cooling tower calculation
- Cooling tower makeup calculation. Water Make Up = D + E +B.
- Evaporation Loss = 0.00085 * 1.8 * C * Δt. C = Circulating water in.
- Blowdown : B = E = Evaporation Loss in.
- COC = Cycle of Concentration.
- Capacity of cooling Tower.