What is Isotonicity in pharmacy?

What is Isotonicity in pharmacy?

What is isotonicity? In pharmacy, isotonicity calculations are most often performed for parenteral and ophthalmic solutions which must have a freezing point depression of 0.52◦C for them to be isotonic with blood plasma and tears. Therefore a solution is considered to be isotonic if it has a freezing point1 of −0.52◦C.

What is Isotonicity give example?

A solution is isotonic when its effective mole concentration is the same as that of another solution. This state provides the free movement of water across the membrane without changing the concentration of solutes on either side. Some examples of isotonic solutions are 0.9\% normal saline and lactated ringers.

What is the importance of Isotonicity?

The isotonic solution allow the cells to move water and nutrients in and out of the cells. This is necessary for blood cells to perform their function of delivering oxygen and other nutrients to other parts of the body.

What is Isotonicity parenterals?

Isotonicity is important for parenteral preparations because the possibility that the product may penetrate red blood cells and cause hemolysis is greatly reduced if the solution is isotonic with blood i.e., the cells maintain their “tone”.

What is Isotonicity in hospital and clinical pharmacy?

Isotonic solution: A solution that has the same salt concentration as cells and blood. Isotonic solutions are commonly used as intravenously infused fluids in hospitalized patients.

What is a tonicity agent?

Find a large array of pharmaceutical tonicity excipients at Spectrum Chemical designed to reduce local irritation by preventing osmotic shock at the site of application. Usually added to injectable, ocular or nasal preparations, these excipients include potassium chloride, mannitol, and more.

How do you maintain Isotonicity?

The addition of any compound to a solution affects its isotonicity, causing changes in osmotic pressure of a solution. It should not be affected only by drugs but also by any buffer components added in the formulation. Therefore, it is necessary to add additional Nacl to bring the solution to isotonicity.

What is isotonic Wikipedia?

A solution is isotonic when its effective osmole concentration is the same as that of another solution. In biology, the solutions on either side of a cell membrane are isotonic if the concentration of solutes outside the cell is equal to the concentration of solutes inside the cell.

What is the tonicity of blood?

The osmolarity of normal saline, 9 grams NaCl dissolved in water to a total volume of one liter, is a close approximation to the osmolarity of NaCl in blood (about 290 mOsm/L). Thus, normal saline is almost isotonic to blood plasma.

Why is tonicity important in clinical practice?

Having a good understanding of tonicity gives a good insight into how dehydration can affect the cells of the body. An isotonic solution is best because the osmotic pressure within and outside the cell is equal, so there is no net movement of water and the cells will retain their shape and function.

What fluids have the same tonicity as plasma?

Isotonic IV Fluids Most IV fluids are isotonic, meaning, they have the same concentration of solutes as blood plasma. When infused, isotonic solutions expand both the intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid spaces, equally.

What is normal saline solution?

Saline solution is a mixture of salt and water. Normal saline solution contains 0.9 percent sodium chloride (salt), which is similar to the sodium concentration in blood and tears. Saline solution is usually called normal saline, but it’s sometimes referred to as physiological or isotonic saline. Saline has many uses in medicine.

What does hypertonic hypotonic and isotonic mean?

Hypotonic means a lower concentration of solute (dissolved substance) compared to another solution, isotonic means about the same, and hypertonic means a higher concentration. For example, fresh water is hypotonic to seawater, the cytoplasm in human blood cells is isotonic to blood plasma, and sugar water is hypertonic to pure water.

What does isotonic mean biology?

Isotonic. In cellular level, isotonic ity may pertain to a property of a solution in which its solute concentration is the same as the solute concentration of another solution with which it is compared. [www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Isotonic] ~ [⇑] ity Depiction of a red blood cell in an ~ [⇑] solution.

What does isotonic mean?

Isotonic (a.) (Physiology, Biochemistry) Having an osmotic pressure (tonicity) equal to that of a reference solution; — of aqueous solutions. Contrasting with hypotonic and hypertonic. See hypertonic.