What is directive influence of benzene ring?

What is directive influence of benzene ring?

The position that the incoming electrophile will occupy depends upon the availability of electron density in the ring, which in turn again depends on the nature of the group already present in the benzene ring known as the directive influence of a group.

How does the OH group attached to the benzene ring activates the benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution draw resonance structures?

The -OH group is an electron-donating group. Thus, it increases the electron density in the benzene ring as shown in the given resonance structure of phenol. As a result, the benzene ring is activated towards electrophilic substitution.

What is directive group influence?

The ability of a group already present in the benzene ring to direct the incoming group to a particular position is called the directive influence of groups. A substituent already present on the ring has two effects: Orientation effect: substituents affect the orientation of the reaction.

What is meant by O and P directive effect?

Directive influence of substituents and their effect on reactivity. The electron releasing groups direct the incoming group to ortho and para positions are called ortho and para directing groups, as the electron density is more on o-and p-positions. Aromatic ring become reactive at these position.

What is the directive influence of nh2 group?

How will you explain the directive influence of –NH2 group (in the case of aniline)? electrons present in the ring. As a result, the ortho and para positions in the ring become the points of high electron density or negatively charged.

What is directive influence of group in benzoic acid?

There is +ve charge on ortho and para positions. So Electrophillic substitution takes place at meta position. Assertion : Nitration of benzoic acid gives meta nitrobenzoic acid. Reason : Carboxyl group deactivates the ortho and para positions in the ring.

Which group attached to a carbon in the benzene ring activates benzene towards electrophilic substitution?

The OH− group activates the benzene ring so much that electrophilic substitution takes place readily.

Why phenol is ortho and para directing group?

Phenols are highly prone to electrophilic substitution reactions due to rich electron density. The hydroxyl group attached to the aromatic ring in phenol facilitates the effective delocalization of the charge in the aromatic ring. The hydroxyl group also acts as ortho para directors.

Is Oh Meta a directing group?

Generally electron releasing groups. Examples: -OH, -NH2, -Me, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, Meta-directing: Substituents which draw electron density from the ortho and para positions, hence increasing reaction on the meta position.

What is directive influence of COOH group in benzoic acid?

In benzoic acid the Carboxyl group is meta directing because it is electron-withdrawing group with –R effect. There is +ve charge on ortho and para positions. So Electrophillic substitution takes place at meta position.

What is directive influence class 11?

The position to be occupied by the second entering group depends on upon the nature of the group already present. This ability of a group already present in the benzene ring to direct the incoming group to a particular position is called the directive influence of groups.

What is directive influence of halogen in Monosubstituted compound?

Halogens are ring deactivating group because of – I effect. But due to resonance the electron density at 0 and P – position is greater than at meta-position. Hence it is O – and p – directing group.