Table of Contents
What is a pentagon in organic chemistry?
Solution. The name cyclopentane indicates a cyclic (cyclo) alkane with five (pent-) carbon atoms. It can be represented as a pentagon. The name methylcyclobutane indicates a cyclic alkane with four (but-) carbon atoms in the cyclic part. It can be represented as a square with a CH 3 group attached.
What does R Prime mean in organic chemistry?
In chemistry, it is used to distinguish between different functional groups connected to an atom in a molecule, such as R and R′, representing different alkyl groups in an organic compound. In molecular biology, the prime is used to denote the positions of carbon on a ring of deoxyribose or ribose.
What is Blane rule?
It has been observed that when a dicarboxylic aliphatic acid is heated with acetic anhydride and distilled, the ketone of one less carbon atom is formed, unless it is possible for a five‐ or six‐membered cyclic anhydride to form. This generalization is called the Blanc rule.
What is called in organic chemistry?
Organic chemistry is the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of carbon-containing compounds. Most organic compounds contain carbon and hydrogen, but they may also include any number of other elements (e.g., nitrogen, oxygen, halogens, phosphorus, silicon, sulfur).
What are the hexagons in chemistry called?
The most commonly encountered aromatic compound is benzene. The usual structural representation for benzene is a six carbon ring (represented by a hexagon) which includes three double bonds. Each of the carbons represented by a corner is also bonded to one other atom. In benzene itself, these atoms are hydrogens.
What is wedge and dash?
wedge-and-dash (uncountable) (chemistry) A method of representing the three-dimensional structure of a molecule in which simple lines represent bonds in the plane of the image, wedge-shaped lines represent bonds towards the viewer, and dashed lines represent bonds away from the viewer.
What does R and S stand for in organic chemistry?
R and S refer to Rectus and Sinister, respectively, which are Latin for right and left. Chiral molecules can differ in their chemical properties, but are identical in their physical properties, which can make distinguishing enantiomers challenging.
What is the R group called?
R group: An abbreviation for any group in which a carbon or hydrogen atom is attached to the rest of the molecule. R is an abbreviation for radical, when the term radical applied to a portion of a complete molecule (not necessarily a free radical), such as a methyl group.
What is a hexagon in organic chemistry?
Chemists often represent benzene as a hexagon with an inscribed circle: The inner circle indicates that the valence electrons are shared equally by all six carbon atoms (that is, the electrons are delocalized, or spread out, over all the carbon atoms).