Table of Contents
Does internal energy depend on state?
In accordance with the first law of thermodynamics, when a system undergoes a change of state as a result of a process in which only work is involved, the work is equal to the change in internal energy. Internal energy is an extensive property—that is, its magnitude depends on the amount of substance in a given state.
How is internal energy determined?
The internal energy is measured as a difference from a reference zero defined by a standard state. The difference is determined by thermodynamic processes that carry the system between the reference state and the current state of interest. The internal energy is an extensive property, and cannot be measured directly.
How do you find the total internal energy of a gas?
With N atoms in the gas, its total internal energy U is given as: U=32NkT U = 3 2 NkT , where N is the number of atoms in the gas.
Why internal energy is state variable?
The internal energy is a state variable, just like the temperature or the pressure. In the same way that potential energy can be converted to kinetic energy while conserving the total energy of the system, the internal energy of a thermodynamic system can be converted to either kinetic or potential energy.
Is Gibbs energy a state function?
The Gibbs free energy of the system is a state function because it is defined in terms of thermodynamic properties that are state functions.
Why internal energy is a state function but work is not?
Why internal energy is a state function but is not work? The change in internal energy during a process depends only upon the initial state and final state while work depends on upon the path followed. Thus, internal energy is a state function and work is not.
What are the two forms of internal energy?
The internal energy of a system is identified with the random, disordered motion of molecules; the total (internal) energy in a system includes potential and kinetic energy.
Which of the following explains why internal energy is a state function?
Which of the following is a state function? Internal energy is a state function because it only depends on the state that the system is in. Heat and work are not state functions because they depend on how the state of the system is reached.