How does a router determine where to send an incoming packet?

How does a router determine where to send an incoming packet?

When a router receives a packet, the router checks its routing table to determine if the destination address is for a system on one of it’s attached networks or if the message must be forwarded through another router. It then sends the message to the next system in the path to the destination.

How does router identify hosts?

Routers identify devices by their physical address, known as the MAC address (media access control address), which is unique. Based on the MAC address, the DHCP service assigns each device to an IP address, based on the list of free and taken IP addresses range it has.

How does a host determine if the packet is local or remote?

In order to determine whether this destination is local or remote, it will go through the ANDing process. Its IP address and subnet mask are lined up in binary, and then vertically compared to find the AND result. The same is then done for the destination address, again using the subnet mask of the source host.

Can router be a host?

It is up to you to decide to which devices you assign those available host addresses and if you assign one to a router it can’t be assigned to a laptop, server or your fridge. So yes, the ip-address for your router counts as a host.

How does a router keep track of connections?

Your home router will run connection tracking software – it will keep a list of connections that the machines on your network have been talking to on the internet. Thus it will know the addresses and ports to return the responses. TCP packets have a special field that can contain the address of the original machine.

Do hosts have routing tables?

To access a resource on a network, your host will determine the route to the destination host using its routing table. The host routing table is similar to that of a router, but is specific to the local host and much less complex. For a packet to reach a local destination, the local host routing table is required.

How does a router know the destination MAC address?

The router on the same local network as the ultimate destination machine knows the MAC address the same way that anything else on that local network knows its MAC address. It does an ARP request. When the device in question responds, it knows the MAC address.

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